Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The overjustification effect is when people go overboard and explain their own
behavior
a. | with more emphasis on personal causes. | b. | with too much emphasis on salient individual
reasons. | c. | with too much emphasis on salient situational causes. | d. | with exaggerated
consideration of situational and personal causes. |
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2.
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The field of Psychology is defined as the
a. | scientific study of behavior and mental processes. | b. | study of all mental
activities. | c. | methodological analysis of behavior. | d. | observational record of
behaviors. |
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3.
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One of the original ideas upon which psychology was founded is that
a. | all human behavior is reducible to its neurobiological roots. | b. | observable behavior
is the appropriate subject for psychological study. | c. | mind and behavior can be subject to scientific
investigation. | d. | humans are irrational animals. |
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4.
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One of the earliest debates concerning human psychology
a. | questioned whether human capabilities are inborn or acquired. | b. | concerned the
importance of religion in development. | c. | related to the role of unconscious
processes. | d. | related to the moral development of the child. |
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5.
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The nature-nurture debate might be envisioned as
a. | the information processing analysis of psychology. | b. | the associationist
analysis of psychology. | c. | the cognitive versus analytic
debate. | d. | the genetics versus learning debate. |
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6.
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The debate about human psychology that suggests human capacities are either
inborn or acquired is called the
a. | the information processing analysis of psychology. | b. | the associationist
analysis of psychology. | c. | the cognitive versus analytic
debate. | d. | the nature-nurture debate. |
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7.
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A psychologist who studies visual perception by recording the activity of nerve
cells in the appropriate region of the brain is using the _____ approach.
a. | biological | c. | behavioral | b. | psychoanalytic | d. | phenomenological |
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8.
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If a scientist tried to analyze your social life based on the behavioral
perspective, the analysis would focus on
a. | your thoughts and other mental processes. | b. | the electrical
activity of your brain cells. | c. | your unconscious motivations for the social
interactions. | d. | the people you interact with and your responses to
them. |
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9.
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The _____ approach to the study of psychology focuses on the active processing
and transformation of information.
a. | humanistic | c. | cognitive | b. | behavioral | d. | biological |
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10.
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Of the following schools of thought, which emphasizes the importance of
unconscious processes?
a. | humanistic | c. | cognitive | b. | psychoanalytic | d. | behavioral |
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11.
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A _____ psychologist would be more interested in people's subjective
interpretations of their experiences than their observable actions.
a. | biological | c. | behavioral | b. | cognitive | d. | subjectivist |
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12.
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Dr. Fisher is studying the effects of entering puberty earlier or later than
one's peers on adolescent self-esteem. Dr. Fisher is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist.
a. | educational | c. | cognitive | b. | school | d. | developmental |
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13.
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Katie wants to combine her interests in art and psychology. She is interested in
understanding what characteristics about an artist such as Van Gogh or Picasso might account for
their particular style of art. Katie should consider taking a course in _____ psychology to begin to
explore her interest in the individual differences of artists.
a. | biological | c. | personality | b. | social | d. | clinical |
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14.
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One important variable in an athlete's recovery from injury is having a
strong network of friends for emotional support. What type of psychologist would be likely to study
this variable?
a. | biological | c. | personality | b. | social | d. | clinical |
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15.
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Which specialty is best known for teacher training and research on teaching
methods?
a. | learning | c. | educational | b. | school | d. | developmental |
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16.
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Psychology is a science primarily because
a. | it attempts to understand mental and behavioral processes. | b. | it utilizes the
scientific method to study mental and behavioral processes. | c. | its intellectual
roots are in philosophy. | d. | its research findings are understood only by
intelligent people. |
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17.
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If you were to perform an experiment analyzing the statement "If you drop
out of school, you're damaging your future," your future is the _____ variable.
a. | independent | c. | treatment | b. | dependent | d. | experimental |
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18.
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Psychologists typically assign numbers representing quantities to the variables
they are studying. This process of assigning numerical values to variables is called
a. | assessment. | c. | measurement. | b. | statistical analysis. | d. | establishing
significance. |
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19.
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The _____ method is important in beginning the study of a psychological
phenomenon, prior to conducting precisely controlled studies.
a. | experimental | c. | developmental | b. | antecedent | d. | observational |
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20.
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The survey method is useful for investigating phenomena that
a. | cannot be pretested. | b. | are difficult to study by direct
observation. | c. | may involve biased responses from the subjects. | d. | involve individuals
rather than groups. |
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