Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Psychologists confine the concept of motivation to those factors that
a. | energize behavior and determine its direction. | b. | relate either to
life instincts or to death instincts. | c. | assume rational behavior by
individuals. | d. | are biologically based and predispose an organism to
act. |
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2.
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Consciously experienced pleasure or displeasure is called
a. | reward. | c. | drive. | b. | affect. | d. | incentive. |
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3.
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Drugs that cause addiction may cause permanent hyperactivity in the brain
incentive systems called
a. | detoxification resistance. | c. | neuronal
hyper-reactivity. | b. | neural sensitization. | d. | neural
salience. |
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4.
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Homeostasis is
a. | a physiological departure from an ideal set-point. | b. | an organism's
tendency to maintain a constant level in the internal environment. | c. | the notion that all
motives operate to reduce tension within the organism. | d. | a collection of regulatory cells in the
brain. |
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5.
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Receptors that sense blood temperature are located in the
a. | hypothalamus. | c. | frontal regions. | b. | hippocampus. | d. | skin. |
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6.
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Thirst is controlled by
a. | the level of fluid inside the body's cells. | b. | the level of fluid
outside the body's cells. | c. | a balance between the level of fluid inside and
outside the body's cells. | d. | the levels of moisture in the stomach and
intestines. |
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7.
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The hypothalamus sends thirst signals based on its monitoring of
a. | the level of fluid inside its cells. | b. | antidiuretic hormone
levels. | c. | the level of water in the stomach and intestines. | d. | the balance between
sodium and glucose in the blood. |
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8.
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If you are deprived of water for some period of time
a. | salt enters the inside of the body's cells, which increases the intra-cellular
concentration of salt. | b. | salt leaves the inside of the body's
cells, which decreases the intra-cellular concentration of salt. | c. | fluid concentration
decreases in the extra-cellular spaces of the body. | d. | fluid concentration increases in the
extra-cellular spaces of the body. |
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9.
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Emotional stress has what effect on the food consumption of a normal weight
individual?
a. | reduce body weight | c. | result in a permanent weight gain | b. | may increase
appetite | d. | have little or no
effect |
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10.
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Most people regain the lost weight soon after dieting because
a. | diets reduce fat cell size but not number. | b. | diets always cause
you to crave high fat foods. | c. | dieting causes you to stop
exercising. | d. | All of the above are true. |
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11.
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Exercise is recommended in weight-loss programs because it burns calories and
also
a. | reduces the number of fat cells. | b. | makes one less responsive to external cues
associated with food. | c. | increases metabolic rate. | d. | All of the above are
true. |
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12.
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Bulimia is typically characterized by
a. | disruption of sexual maturation. | b. | episodes of overeating followed by purging
(vomiting or taking laxatives). | c. | substantial weight loss. | d. | All of the above are
true. |
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13.
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In males, _____ causes maturation of genitals. In females, _____ causes
maturation of genitals.
a. | estrogen; testosterone | b. | androgen; androgen | c. | testosterone;
estrogen | d. | interstitial-cell stimulating hormone; luteinizing
hormone |
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14.
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Which of the following statements is true, regarding human sexual arousal and
desire?
a. | Sexual arousal is greatly controlled by levels of testosterone in the human male and
estrogen in the human female. | b. | Hormones exert more control over the sexual
desire of the human female than the human male. | c. | Social and emotional factors are the most
influential factors in sexual desire for both the human male and female. | d. | Hormones are the
most influential factor in human male sexual desire; social and emotional factors in the human
female. |
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15.
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Surveys of the attitudes of Americans toward premarital sex in the 1940s and
again in the 1970s indicated that
a. | in that period, men's attitudes changed more than women's
attitudes. | b. | in that period, women's attitudes changed more than men's
attitudes. | c. | at present, men and women have very similar attitudes. | d. | at present, more
than 85 percent of all college students have engaged in premarital sex before the age of
21. |
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16.
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A person who is sexually attracted primarily to persons of the same sex is
a
a. | homosexual. | c. | hermaphrodite. | b. | transsexual. | d. | bisexual. |
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17.
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Identification with the opposite sex parent while growing up has what effect on
sexual orientation?
a. | the most important effect | b. | a contributing effect | c. | a major effect, but
only during adolescence | d. | no effect |
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18.
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The strongest predictive factor from childhood of future homosexual orientation
is
a. | gender nonconformity. | b. | hormone levels. | c. | extreme
femininity. | d. | dressing in clothes appropriate for the other sex. |
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19.
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A person's sexual orientation is usually determined
a. | in adulthood. | c. | in childhood. | b. | before adolescence. | d. | at birth. |
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20.
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Because heterosexuality is typically necessary for reproductive success,
researchers _____ that it is the "natural" outcome of evolution.
a. | agree | c. | have proven | b. | do not agree | d. | none of the
above |
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