Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The distinctive and characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior
that define individuals' personal style and influence their interactions with the environment
are called their
a. | trait profiles. | c. | genotypes. | b. | interaction patterns. | d. | personalities. |
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2.
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Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and
neuroticism refer to
a. | personality inventory categories. | c. | factor analytic
types. | b. | projective test categories. | d. | the Big Five personality characteristics. |
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3.
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Personality inventories are questionnaires that attempt to
a. | establish individual scores on different trait scales. | b. | establish group
scores on different trait scales. | c. | establish a single score on one trait
scale. | d. | are especially useful when they are not restricted by theoretical
boundaries. |
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4.
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One of the most unique aspects of the MMPI is that it was first major
personality inventory to incorporate
a. | a criterion control. | c. | validity scales. | b. | neuroticism scales. | d. | keyed
responses. |
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5.
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The CPI is one of the most widely validated inventories available for use with
_____ populations.
a. | normal | c. | abnormal | b. | student | d. | paranoid |
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6.
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In treating the so called "nervous" disorders, Freud discovered the
most effective method to be
a. | conventional medical procedures. | c. | free
association. | b. | hypnosis. | d. | behavioral therapy. |
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7.
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_____ is one major goal of the id.
a. | Avoiding pain | c. | Punishing the ego | b. | Daydreaming | d. | Testing reality |
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8.
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In Freud's theory, the ego operates according to the _____
principle.
a. | morality | c. | moral | b. | pleasure | d. | reality |
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9.
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According to Freud, our values are internalized within the
a. | id. | c. | libido. | b. | superego. | d. | ego. |
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10.
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Which principle from the natural sciences influenced Freud's view of
personality dynamics?
a. | conservation of energy | b. | Einstein's theory of
relativity | c. | the second law of thermodynamics | d. | Newton's third law ("Every action has
an equal and opposite reaction") |
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11.
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If you attempt to reduce your anxiety for having thoughts that are unacceptable,
you may disguise this anxiety in a disguised form. This disguised behavior may take the form of
_____.
a. | defense mechanisms | c. | libidinal drives | b. | superego impulses | d. | sublimated
desires |
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12.
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Who played a major role in extending and clarifying Freud's theory about
the mechanisms of defense and in applying psychoanalytic theory to the practice of child
psychiatry?
a. | Carl Jung | c. | Anna Freud | b. | Erik Erikson | d. | Benjamin Spock |
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13.
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The personality test that presents an ambiguous stimulus picture to which the
person may respond as he or she wishes is a
a. | Q Sort. | c. | Rorschach. | b. | personality inventory. | d. | MMPI. |
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14.
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Which of the following is a major emphasis of a social-learning theorist?
a. | consistency of an individual's behavior | c. | biological
motives | b. | situational influences | d. | self-report methods of collecting data |
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15.
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One of the most important contributions of the behaviorist approach to
personality has been
a. | an overemphasis of situational variables. | b. | recognition of the
importance of environmental variables. | c. | down playing the role of cognitive
variables. | d. | detailing the role of unconscious motives. |
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16.
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Most current personality psychologists would identify their thinking as using a
__________ approach.
a. | cognitive | c. | psychodynamic | b. | humanistic | d. | behaviorist |
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17.
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Bandura noted that most behavior occurs in the absence of external rewards and
punishment so that most behavior stems from
a. | negative reinforcement. | c. | reciprocal
dualism. | b. | self-regulation. | d. | behavioral determinism. |
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18.
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Encoding strategies, expectancies, and subjective values are personality
variables in the _____ approach to personality.
a. | trait | c. | social-learning | b. | psychoanalytic | d. | humanist |
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19.
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Through the use of _____ a person develops a system of identifying what is
important in the environment.
a. | a representation | c. | a construct | b. | a schema | d. | a cognate |
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20.
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Humanistic approaches to personality assessment are designed to find objective
ways of assessing a person's
a. | unconscious motives. | c. | altruistic tendencies. | b. | subjective
experience. | d. | free
will. |
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