Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A change in one's behavior when another is present and engaged in the same
activity is called
a. | audience effect. | c. | coaction. | b. | compliance. | d. | deindividuation. |
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2.
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The observation that organisms work faster when others are present is
called
a. | social loafing. | c. | deindividualization. | b. | social facilitation. | d. | group
polarization. |
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3.
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On which of the following behaviors is social facilitation most likely to be
observed?
a. | solving a difficult puzzle | c. | tying shoe
laces | b. | solving a long multiplication problem | d. | reading an article in a foreign
language |
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4.
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The feeling of losing personal identity and merging anonymously into the group
is called
a. | bystander apathy. | c. | conformity. | b. | diffusion of
responsibility. | d. | deindividuation. |
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5.
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The lack of intervention by bystanders to emergency situations appears to be due
to
a. | conformity to social norms. | b. | diffusion of responsibility and defining the
situation as a non-emergency. | c. | deindividuation. | d. | apathy. |
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6.
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Solomon Asch's studies were specifically designed to study the
a. | amount of private opinion change that would be produced by group pressure to
conform. | b. | factors that would cause subjects to rebel against group
pressure. | c. | differences between conformity to a group and obedience to an authority
figure. | d. | amount of public conformity that would be produced pressure to
conform. |
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7.
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When we conform because we believe that other people's interpretations of
an ambiguous situation are more correct than our own, it is called
a. | situational influence. | c. | informational social influence. | b. | ambiguous societal
influence. | d. | normative social
influence. |
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8.
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When we conform to a group's typical behavior to become liked and accepted,
it is called
a. | normative social influence. | c. | ambiguous societal
influence. | b. | informational social influence. | d. | situational
influence. |
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9.
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A minority can sometimes influence majority opinions if they
a. | are extremely vocal. | c. | are in a laboratory situation. | b. | are
innovative. | d. | remain
consistent. |
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10.
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The findings of Milgram's study suggest that obedience to authority, even
if it involves harm to another person,
a. | implies that the obedient person has internalized the authority's
values. | b. | would be displayed by most people. | c. | is only possible in cases where the person
receiving orders identifies with the authority figure. | d. | is unlikely to occur in a democratic society
like United States. |
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11.
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According to Milgram, the potential for obedience is
a. | probably a symptom of psychopathology. | b. | probably built into the species by
evolution. | c. | a recent development related to the occurrences of large-scale
warfare. | d. | enhanced by models shown in the media. |
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12.
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When the "learner" in the Milgram obedience experiment is moved into
the same room as the subject
a. | obedience drops significantly. | c. | obedience does not
change. | b. | this adds additional buffers. | d. | obedience goes up
slightly. |
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13.
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How does ideology affect obedience?
a. | People with strong beliefs are less likely to follow orders. | b. | People with strong
beliefs are more likely to follow orders. | c. | Acceptance of an ideology legitimizes authority
and justifies blindly following orders. | d. | Ideology does not affect
obedience. |
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14.
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Today Milgram's study could probably not be conducted because of ethical
concerns. Which of the current ethical guidelines were violated by this experiment?
a. | right to anonymity | c. | right to informed consent | b. | right to minimal
damage | d. | right to
dissent |
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15.
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When someone tries to change our private attitudes and obtain lasting changes,
they are trying to achieve
a. | internalization. | c. | substitution. | b. | discrimination. | d. | generalization. |
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16.
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Cognitive dissonance is
a. | a uneasiness when a person makes a bad impression on an examiner. | b. | discomfort from
inconsistency between attitudes and behaviors. | c. | another name for guilt from performing an act
the society considers immoral. | d. | the ambivalence experienced when faced with two
competing, equally attractive alternatives. |
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17.
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Our tendency to over estimate the role of personal dispositional factors and
underestimate the role of situational factors in influencing behavior is called
a. | the social facilitation illusion. | c. | deindividuation
error. | b. | the fundamental attribution error. | d. | the self-perception
fallacy. |
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18.
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Groups with whom we identify are called our __________ groups.
a. | identification | c. | reference | b. | ideal | d. | normative |
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19.
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Compared with individual decisions concerning risky courses of action, decisions
made by a group of individuals tend to be
a. | more conservative. | b. | more risky. | c. | in the same
direction but more extreme. | d. | an average of the individual members'
position. |
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20.
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In group decision making, the desire to achieve consensus and avoid dissent
characterizes the phenomenon known as
a. | group polarization. | c. | conformity. | b. | groupthink. | d. | normative
influence. |
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