Name: 
 

Ch18 - Social Cognition



Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 

Your subjective interpretations of your social experiences and your modes of thinking about the social world are called
a.
social cognitions.
c.
interpersonal ruminations.
b.
personal reflections.
d.
relational thoughts.
 

 2. 

Our initial impressions of other people are biased by our
a.
preexisting expectations.
c.
interpretation of environmental cues.
b.
overall impressions of the situation.
d.
general speed of processing.
 

 3. 

We each hold a set of organized beliefs and knowledge about people, objects, events and situations called
a.
categorizations.
c.
explications.
b.
schemas.
d.
processing units.
 

 4. 

Schemas can be thought of as
a.
errors of attribution.
b.
the effects of the primacy effect.
c.
perceptions.
d.
small theories of everyday objects and events.
 

 5. 

The top-down processing technique of comparing our preexisting organized beliefs and knowledge to assess a new situation is described as
a.
categorization processing.
c.
explicational processing.
b.
organizational processing.
d.
schematic processing.
 

 6. 

At a party you are introduced to Anthony who you know is a semi-professional boxer. Contrary to your expectations he is articulate, clever and charming. This new information will probably conflict with your preexisting _____ about boxers.
a.
categorization processes
c.
priming
b.
stereotypes
d.
organization processes
 

 7. 

Current research suggests that the primacy effect occurs because of
a.
the recency phenomenon.
c.
top-down thinking.
b.
stereotypes.
d.
impression formation.
 

 8. 

Self-fulfilling prophecies arise because our stereotypes
a.
lead us to misperceive the actual characteristics of those we stereotype.
b.
affect our own behavior toward those stereotype.
c.
cause those we stereotype to dislike us and, hence, to act negatively toward us.
d.
lead us to avoid contact with those we stereotype--thereby preventing us from overcoming our stereotypes.
 

 9. 

The task of attempting to infer the causes of behavior is called
a.
attribution.
c.
schematic processing.
b.
detecting covariation.
d.
implication detection.
 

 10. 

Inferring that something internal to a person is responsible for his or her behavior is called a(n)
a.
innate tendency.
c.
dispositional attribution.
b.
internal inference.
d.
self-fulfilling stereotype.
 

 11. 

When we overestimate the power of dispositions in determining someone's behavior, we commit the
a.
overjustification error.
c.
normative influence error.
b.
fundamental attribution error.
d.
self justification error.
 

 12. 

Likes and dislikes, favorable or unfavorable evaluations are called
a.
beliefs.
c.
dispositions.
b.
attitudes.
d.
values.
 

 13. 

When you mentally respond to a set of persuasive arguments and elaborate on the arguments, the persuasion is said to follow what route?
a.
central
c.
real
b.
peripheral
d.
local
 

 14. 

Persuasion that is produced by the thoughts that a person generates while reading, listening or anticipating communication is called
a.
generated persuasion.
c.
self-persuasion.
b.
monitored persuasion.
d.
self-deception.
 

 15. 

If you are given a series of arguments about an issue you are not personally involved in, you would be more likely to use
a.
the "central" route of persuasion.
c.
heuristics.
b.
the boomerang effect.
d.
low issue involvement.
 

 16. 

In choosing a dating partner, people tend to
a.
say that physical attractiveness is most important to them.
b.
act as if physical attractiveness is the most important factor.
c.
disregard physical attractiveness.
d.
focus on physical attractiveness if they feel unattractive.
 

 17. 

When a man or woman is seen with someone who is physically very attractive, he or she is rated
a.
as more physically attractive themselves.
b.
as less physically attractive themselves.
c.
A is true when the person they are seen with is a romantic partner or friend; b is true when the other person is a stranger.
d.
A is true when the person they are seen with is a stranger; b is true when other person is a romantic partner or friend.
 

 18. 

The best single predictor of whether two people are friends is how
a.
far apart they live.
b.
similar they are in intelligence.
c.
similar they are in physical attractiveness.
d.
complementary their personality traits are.
 

 19. 

One of the major reasons that proximity creates liking is that it
a.
makes people appear more physically attractive to one another.
b.
decreases fear of the unknown.
c.
increases familiarity.
d.
increases similarity.
 

 20. 

Romantic couples probably tend to be about equally matched on physical attractiveness because
a.
they become more similar to one another over time.
b.
people are most attracted to people who are like them.
c.
people pursue the most attractive person they think will be interested in them. If they aim high they will be rejected.
d.
it is a statistical reality that most people are of average attractiveness and hence will be matched.
 



 
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