Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
1.
|
The "nature" component of the "nature-nurture" question
refers to
a. | our genetic endowment. | b. | the environment in which we are
raised. | c. | a combination of genetics and the environment. | d. | the personality
tendencies that we acquire as we age. |
|
|
2.
|
A stage theory of development proposes that
a. | all individuals go through the same stages, in the same order. | b. | all individuals go
through the same stages, but can do so in differing orders. | c. | because the
appearance of stages is due to maturation, the environment has no influence on the speed with which
individuals move through them. | d. | development is best characterized as smooth and
continuous. |
|
|
3.
|
The sensory systems of the newborn
a. | are all functional at birth, but vary in their degree of
development. | b. | develop at approximately the same rate. | c. | are all functional
at birth and then improve to adult levels within the first six months. | d. | are all at adult
sensitivity levels within hours of birth. |
|
|
4.
|
‘If an infant stops responding to a stimulus after several presentations
and begins paying attention again when a new stimulus is presented, it is reasonable to conclude that
the infant
a. | can discriminate between the two stimuli. | b. | has dishabituated to
the first stimulus. | c. | has habituated to the second
stimulus. | d. | prefers the second stimulus to the first. |
|
|
5.
|
Research has show that an infant's memory for specific word sounds
a. | may predispose infants to respond to different situations in the same
way. | b. | develops by the age of 2. | c. | is genetically controlled for specific
languages. | d. | develops in the uterus. |
|
|
6.
|
Thumbing through a picture book, identifying a wide variety of zoo animals would
be good exercise for a child to practice
a. | operational thinking. | b. | object permanence. | c. | conservation. | d. | assimilation and accommodation of
schemata. |
|
|
7.
|
According to Piaget, children's thinking is
a. | qualitatively different at different stages. | b. | quantitatively
different at different stages. | c. | not affected by their
experiences. | d. | the result of observation and imitation of developmentally more advanced
children. |
|
|
8.
|
According to Piaget, children actively experiment with the world and create
"theories" or _____ about how the physical and social worlds operate.
a. | schemes | c. | stages | b. | operations | d. | cognitions |
|
|
9.
|
Accommodation is the process of
a. | organizing existing mental schemata into larger networks. | b. | modifying existing
schemata in light of new information. | c. | understanding new information in light of
existing schemata. | d. | understanding the permanence of unseen
objects. |
|
|
10.
|
Which concept is an important discovery made by the infant during Piaget's
sensorimotor stage?
a. | logical sequences | c. | conservation of mass and number | b. | objects exist even
if they are out of sight | d. | the usefulness of operations |
|
|
11.
|
Which of the following would illustrate a child's lack of object
permanence?
a. | making faces at her older brother | c. | crying when dog leaves the
room | b. | clutching the ear of favored stuffed toy | d. | crying when a toy is out of
reach |
|
|
12.
|
According to Piaget, an operation is
a. | a mental routine for transforming information. | b. | a conclusion that
the amount of something remains the same despite its appearance. | c. | the ability to
hypothesize about the abstract. | d. | evident in the cognitions of children beginning
at about 1 year of age. |
|
|
13.
|
According to Piaget's theory, if you can form a complete mental
representation of the route to the grocery store, you have displayed
a. | concrete operational thought. | c. | reversibility. | b. | preoperational
thought. | d. | conservation of
area. |
|
|
14.
|
Piaget's theory of cognitive development has been criticized for
a. | underestimating the abilities of young children. | b. | incorrectly
predicting the order of the stages. | c. | its overemphasis on the socio-cultural
influence on cognitive development. | d. | its lack of appreciation for individual
differences in progression through the stages of cognitive
development. |
|
|
15.
|
Proponents of knowledge-acquisition approaches to cognitive development would
argue that cognitive development
a. | involves the acquisition of qualitatively different stages of
processing. | b. | relies on the acquisition of larger and larger collections of
facts. | c. | relies on the acquisition of several separate information-processing
skills. | d. | involves the increasing ability to organize domain-specific knowledge
bases. |
|
|
16.
|
At around 4 years-of-age, a child begins to understand that people's
thoughts and beliefs affect their behaviors. This is the beginning of the child's development
of
a. | formal operational thinking. | c. | theory of mind. | b. | moral
realism. | d. | concrete
operational thinking. |
|
|
17.
|
Piaget referred to a child's belief that rules are permanent and handed
down from some higher authority who will exact a punishment for any transgression as
a. | concrete morality. | c. | moral relativism. | b. | moral realism. | d. | concrete operational
thinking. |
|
|
18.
|
The age at which distress over separation from the caregiver appears
a. | is similar for all infants across all cultures and types of child-rearing
practices. | b. | depends on whether the infant has experienced fearful separations from the
caregivers. | c. | peaks at about 7 or 8 months. | d. | is earlier than the appearance of stranger
anxiety. |
|
|
19.
|
A firm sense of themselves as either male or female is described as a
child's
a. | sex typing. | c. | gender constancy. | b. | gender identity. | d. | sexual
constancy. |
|
|
20.
|
Kevin tells his mother, "I am a boy, so I want to do boy
things." Which theory of gender identity development is best represented by Kevin's
statement?
a. | psychoanalytic | c. | cognitive developmental | b. | social-learning | d. | gender schema |
|