Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Although there may be different types of memory systems, each system utilizes
the three basic stages of
a. | working store, consolidation, and long-term store. | b. | acquisition,
consolidation, and forgetting. | c. | storage, remembering, and
forgetting. | d. | encoding, storage, and retrieval. |
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2.
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Two components of Sensory Memory correspond to vision, called _____ memory, and
audition, called _____ memory.
a. | short-term; long-term | c. | elaboration, retrieval | b. | explicit;
implicit | d. | iconic;
echoic |
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3.
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Which statement would be most consistent with studies of phonological coding in
working memory?
a. | Phonological codes fade more quickly than visual codes. | b. | It is more difficult
to recall an ordered set of stimuli when they are phonologically similar. | c. | Chinese sounds are
harder to encode than other languages. | d. | Phonologically similar items are easier to
store in working memory. |
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4.
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Which one of the following statements is true about encoding verbal material in
working memory?
a. | A phonological code is favored, but other sensory codes may be
used. | b. | A visual code is favored, but other sensory codes may be used. | c. | Semantic codes are
used more often than phonological codes. | d. | Semantic codes are favored for written words;
phonological codes are favored for spoken words. |
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5.
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The capacity of working memory
a. | varies widely from culture to culture. | b. | is seven items, give or take
two. | c. | depends on the sense used to encode the items. | d. | is about 5 items for
children and about 10 items for most adults. |
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6.
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Memory span refers to the
a. | duration of storage in working memory. | b. | duration of storage in long-term
memory. | c. | capacity of working memory storage. | d. | capacity of long-term memory
storage. |
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7.
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A subject is read a list of nine digits and is immediately asked to repeat as
many of them as possible in order. This subject is involved in a test of
a. | the usefulness of mnemonic devices. | c. | working memory
capacity. | b. | long-term memory capacity. | d. | the presence of eidetic imagery. |
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8.
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Research evidence shows that the _____ is essential for short-term memory, while
the _____ is essential for long-term memory.
a. | temporal lobes; parietal lobes | c. | hippocampus;
hypothalamus | b. | frontal lobes; parietal lobes | d. | prefrontal lobes;
hippocampus |
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9.
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Retrieval paths in long-term memory are best created by
a. | using eidetic imagery. | c. | rehearsing the material. | b. | elaborating the
meaning of the material. | d. | using non-emotional cues. |
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10.
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The sensation that we know something and that it's somewhere in our memory
but just out of our reach is known as the
a. | serial position effect. | c. | memory span
effect. | b. | flashbulb memory effect. | d. | tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. |
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11.
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Tests of recognition are usually easier than tests of recall because
a. | recognition information needs to be stored only in working
memory. | b. | recalled information is less easily coded semantically. | c. | a recognition test
provides better retrieval cues. | d. | recall requires imagery, but recognition
requires only semantic encoding. |
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12.
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Interference occurs when
a. | old information is displaced by new information. | b. | too many items are
simultaneously rehearsed. | c. | retrieval cues are associated with more than
one piece of information. | d. | too few items are available for
access. |
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13.
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Interference
a. | occurs in both working and long-term memories. | b. | slows retrieval
time. | c. | cannot be accounted for by the spreading activation theory of
memory. | d. | All of the above are true. |
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14.
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Removal of the hippocampus would have what effect?
a. | Improvement in working memory functions. | b. | Loss of the ability
to consolidate new long-term memories. | c. | Loss of working memory
functions. | d. | Improvement of long-term memory functions. |
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15.
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Internal and external contexts serve as powerful cues for recall. Internal cues
are often responsible for
a. | implicit memory. | c. | flashbulb memory. | b. | semantic coding. | d. | state-dependent
learning. |
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16.
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Which of the following is the best explanation for why you would be unable to
remember the correct answers if you panic during an exam?
a. | Anxiety causes extraneous thoughts that interfere with retrieval. | b. | You have repressed
them because the test anxiety was unbearable. | c. | The answers are actively blocked by the
subconscious. | d. | The capacity of your long-term memory has been
reduced. |
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17.
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Tying your shoes is an example of _____ memory while recalling the time you won
a swimming trophy is an example of _____ memory.
a. | implicit; explicit | c. | overt; subjective | b. | explicit; implicit | d. | covert;
mnemonic |
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18.
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A woman with anterograde amnesia would be least likely to recall
a. | her name. | b. | the name of her childhood
hometown. | c. | how to ride a bicycle. | d. | the name of the new car she just saw advertised
in a magazine. |
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19.
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Compared with normal subjects, amnesiacs
a. | do not improve their performance as quickly in perceptual or motor
skills. | b. | perform equally well on tests of explicit memory. | c. | perform equally well
on tests of implicit memory. | d. | All of the above are
true. |
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20.
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As you sit around Sunday morning working out the Sunday crossword puzzle, you
are using your _____ memory.
a. | semantic | c. | explicit | b. | episodic | d. | perceptual-motor |
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