Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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What is the primary means of communicating thought?
a. | concepts | c. | propositions | b. | categories | d. | language |
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2.
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One characteristic of all human societies is
a. | language. | c. | linguistic analysis. | b. | propositions. | d. | automatic acquisition of
language. |
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3.
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Language is a multilevel system. What levels are involved, from lowest to
highest?
a. | prefixes, words, sentences | c. | sounds, words,
sentences | b. | sounds, sentences, paragraphs | d. | sounds, prefixes and suffixes,
words |
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4.
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The English language has approximately _____ speech sounds.
a. | an infinite number of | c. | 70,000 | b. | forty | d. | 1,000 |
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5.
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How many phonemes are there in "cat"?
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6.
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Categories of speech sounds are known as
a. | glyphs. | c. | autonemes. | b. | morphemes. | d. | phonemes. |
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7.
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Phonemes are combined to form words. Each language, though, has rules
about
a. | how the phonemes are duplicated in a word. | b. | how many phonemes
can be used to make a word. | c. | how few phonemes can be used to make a
word. | d. | which phonemes can follow which other phonemes. |
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8.
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Two-year-old Ashley uses "kitty" to describe any creature with four
legs and fur. Ashley is exhibiting
a. | telegraphic concepts. | c. | overextension. | b. | syntactic analysis. | d. | phonemic
transformation. |
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9.
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A person of what age will be least successful in learning the phonemes
associated with a second language?
a. | 1 year | c. | 10 years | b. | 5 years | d. | 20 years |
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10.
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What is a proposition?
a. | a set of properties | c. | a problem-solving strategy | b. | a statement that
makes a factual claim | d. | a
system of logical reasoning |
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11.
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_____ are the two components of every concept.
a. | Goal state and heuristic | c. | Exemplar and hypothesis
frame | b. | Subject and proposition | d. | Prototype and core |
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12.
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A very attractive, tall blonde woman in a tight red dress who has a Ph.D. and
has published several scholarly articles will probably conform to your _____, but probably not to
your _____ of the concept "professor."
a. | classical concept; fuzzy concept | c. | fuzzy concept; classical
concept | b. | core; prototype | d. | prototype; core |
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13.
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When you think of "the president of a corporation," you probably think
of a middle-aged male. Why?
a. | The concept of corporate president has no core. | b. | These are typical
properties of your concept of corporate president. | c. | There are faults in the combinations of your
propositions. | d. | "Corporate president" is a classical
concept. |
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14.
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Which of the following constitutes a hierarchy of concepts?
a. | apple, orange, banana, strawberry | b. | automobile, bicycle,
helicopter | c. | vehicle, automobile, Ford, Mustang | d. | German shepherd, golden retriever, beagle,
Chihuahua |
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15.
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In an argument, the conclusion and premises are
a. | deductively valid. | c. | combined propositions. | b. | propositions. | d. | intuitively valid. |
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16.
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What can be said of the following deductive argument? 1. All humans are
mortal. 2. Fido is mortal. 3. Therefore, Fido is human.
a. | The premises are true; therefore, the conclusion must be true. | b. | The conclusion is
false; therefore, the premises must be false. | c. | The premises are true; the conclusion is
false. | d. | This argument is deductively valid. |
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17.
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The strongest arguments are those that are deductively valid, which means
that
a. | the reasoning makes intuitive sense. | b. | the argument can be shown to be internally
consistent. | c. | if the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false. | d. | the truth value of
the conclusion is independent of the premises. |
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18.
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In _____ we compare our current state to the goal state in order to find the
most important difference. We then search for a procedure to eliminate the difference.
a. | searching for cognitive homeostasis | c. | imaginal
processing | b. | means-end analysis | d. | syntactic analysis |
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19.
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Your representation of a problem is important for problem-solving because
a. | any representation will help you keep all the important details
accessible. | b. | if a problem is not represented correctly, it may obscure the key to the
solution. | c. | just by making an initial representation the solution typically becomes
obvious. | d. | it narrows down the possible solutions. |
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20.
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When confronted with a novel problem, novices tend to
a. | use heuristics. | b. | utilize representations. | c. | use propositional
thinking. | d. | focus on superficial features of the problem. |
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