1. BIOS is an acronym for / .

2. When a computer is powered on or reset, routines are first executed.

3. The location of the first instruction that should be executed when a computer is powered on or reset is given by the .

4. A process is an in which a program can execute.

5. Typically the operating system uses the BIOS as an between itself and the underlying hardware.

6. The concept of the personal computer was first explored by .

7. In the virtual memory model, physical memory is divided into a number of .

8. The three process states that we have identified in the chapter are , and .

9. When a computer is shut down, all pages in main memory that have been are returned to the hard disk.

10. During the power up sequence, the BIOS code from the hard disk and eventually passes to this code.