Kelly Ch 8

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Kelly Ch 8

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Which item is least likely to be used to define diversity?

a.	Valuing, respecting, and appreciating differences
b.	Homogeneous, ethnocentric group
c.	Heterogeneity of attitudes
d.	All the ways in which we differ

When a person or group believes their culture to be superior to the other culture, they are said to be

a.	polycentric	c.	ethnocentric
b.	diverse	d.	egocentric

Identify the two important processes involved in social identity formation

a.	Self-categorization & perception	c.	Social comparison & perception
b.	Self-categorization & social comparison	d.	Self-categorization & stereotyping

We often rely on a single striking characteristic such as nationality, how someone may dress, their posture to make judgements about them - when we meet or consider other people we tend to make judgements about them in a short period of time - this is described as

a.	The halo effect	c.	Habituation
b.	Ethnocentrism	d.	Prejudice

What are the two main sub processes of the perceptual process?

a.	Habituation and the halo effect
b.	Generalisation and stereotyping
c.	Interpretation and making sense
d.	Selective attention and perceptual organisation

Which statement is least true?

a.	In the early stages of the perceptual process there is a reduction in information received from our senses
b.	The early stages of the perceptual process are best described as top down processes
c.	Later in the perceptual process the brain uses a variety of mechanisms to fill in any gaps and make sense of the incoming sensory data
d.	The real world is sensed through our sight, taste, smell, hearing and touch - acting as a stimulus

Which of the following statements, associated with attribution theory, are least correct?

a.	Attribution is the process of attaching causes or reasons to the actions and events we see.
b.	Typically when things go right for us we believe it to be a result of the circumstances
c.	In some cases we determine ourselves or the person to be the cause (internal causality)
d.	In some cases we attribute an aspect of the environment (external causality) as the cause

In their model of Cross cultural competence in international business, Johnson, Lenartowicz and Apud (2006) discuss three dimensions or antecedents of cultural competence - select the item that is not one of those dimensions

a.	Managerial experience	c.	Personal skills
b.	Personal attributes	d.	Cultural knowledge

Earley and Mosakowski (2004) identify six cultural intelligence profiles - identify the item not in their list

a.	The ‘Provincial’	e.	The ‘Analyst’
b.	The ‘Patriot’	f.	The ‘Natural’
c.	The ‘Chameleon’	g.	The ‘Ambassador’
d.	The ‘Mimic’

10.

Consider The process of Perception depicted in the diagram above.

Select the text that is represented by the letter “C” in the diagram

a.	Stimulus	d.	Perceptual organization
b.	Habituation/ Halo effect	e.	Response
c.	Generalisation/ Stereotypes	f.	Selective Attention

11.

Consider The process of Perception depicted in the diagram above.

Select the text that is represented by the letter “F” in the diagram

a.	Stimulus	d.	Perceptual organization
b.	Habituation/ Halo effect	e.	Response
c.	Generalisation/ Stereotypes	f.	Selective Attention

12.

Milliken and Martins (1996) identified common patterns in the processes by which diversity affected individual, group, and organizational outcomes. Select the item that was NOT identified by Milliken and Martins (1996)

a.	Diversity in observable attributes has consistently been found to have negative effects on affective outcomes
b.	The more similar people are in background variables such as socioeconomic status or attitudes, the more attracted they are likely to be to each other, at least initially, a phenomenon that when observed in friendship patterns is called homophily bias.
c.	Greater negative effects have been found for diversity on age than for diversity on race and gender
d.	Supervisors appear to prefer subordinates who have similar organizational tenure and give them higher performance ratings

13.

Select the least true statement

a.	Findings suggest that individuals who are different in racial or ethnic background tend to be less psychologically committed to their organizations, less inclined to stay with the organization, and more likely to be absent
b.	Groups that were homogeneous with respect to the ethnic backgrounds of their members produced higher quality ideas in a brainstorming task than more heterogeneous groups did
c.	Research on racial differences in performance ratings by supervisors indicated that black people were generally rated lower than white people by supervisors
d.	New black recruits tend to be assigned to black supervisors

14.

Select the least true statement

a.	A negotiation is a discussion intended to produce an agreement and possibly resolve a conflict
b.	Conflict (dispute) resolution negotiations involve parties that seek to overcome something that is blocking goal attainment
c.	Negotiations and decision-making are both intertwined and culture bound.
d.	Transactional negotiation involves buyers and sellers negotiating terms
e.	Typical stages within the negotiation process include preparation, relationship building, information exchange, persuasion, concession and agreement
f.	There is a well documented uni-cultural approach to negotiation

15.

Studies have provided support for the idea that racial diversity benefits decision making; for example, Watson, Kumar, and Michaelsen (1993) studied for “X” weeks the interaction and performance of culturally homogeneous and culturally diverse groups. They reported that homogeneous groups initially scored higher on both process and performance effectiveness. Over time, both types of groups showed improvement on process and performance, and the between-groups differences lessened. By week “X”, there were no differences in process or overall performance, but the heterogeneous groups scored higher on two task measures (range of perspectives and alternatives generated).

What is the value of X?

a.	5	c.	13
b.	9	d.	17